“Wie ein Naturlaut”: La representación musical del paisaje como desafío a la teoría de los tópicos

Contenido principal del artículo

Paulo F. de Castro

Resumen

En este artículo discuto algunas cuestiones conceptuales relacionadas con la teoría de los tópicos y, en particular, los problemas que plantea la distinción hecha por Raymond Monelle entre tópicos propiamente dichos e iconos musicales. Mi principal presupuesto es que, por regla general, el pictorialismo musical participa de la naturaleza retórica de la representación musical y tiende a desarrollar sus propias continuidades y transformaciones tópicas a lo largo de la historia. Como estudio de caso, ofrezco un examen de la pieza de Wagner conocida como “Waldweben” –de Siegfried, Acto II–, centrándome en algunos de sus aspectos morfológicos –melódico, armónico, rítmico, tímbrico, textural– y en las dimensiones intertextuales de su modo de representación del paisaje natural. Llamo la atención tanto sobre sus precedentes como sobre su posteridad, en ejemplos seleccionados de obras francesas, alemanas y rusas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Este enfoque intertextual permite la identificación de un tópico recurrente peculiar –designado aquí como tópico de “paisaje sonoro”– que puede considerarse como un elemento bien establecido del vocabulario retórico de gran parte de la “música de la naturaleza” de la época. Este jugó un papel importante en la reconfiguración de la temporalidad musical más allá de sus implicaciones retóricas, al disolver la oposición de fondo y primer plano, y al neutralizar el potencial de una lógica musical evolutiva/narrativa según el modelo clásico-romántico.


Palabras clave: teoría de los tópicos, icono musical, intertextualidad, pictorialismo, temporalidad, paisaje


Abstract
In this article, I discuss some conceptual questions relating to topic theory, and in particular the problems raised by Raymond Monelle’s distinction between topics proper and musical icons. My main presupposition is that, as a rule, musical pictorialism partakes of the rhetorical nature of musical representation and tends to develop its own topical continuities and transformations throughout history. As a case study, I offer an examination of Wagner's piece known as “Waldweben”—from Siegfried, Act II—, focusing on some of its morphological aspects melodic, harmonic, rhythmic, timbral, textural—and the intertextual dimensions of its mode of representation of the natural landscape. I draw attention both to its precedents and its posterity, in selected examples from works by French, German, and Russian composers of the late 19th and early 20th century. This intertextual approach allows the identification of a peculiar recurring topic—designated here as a “soundscape” topic—that can be regarded as a well-established element of the rhetorical vocabulary of a great deal of “nature music” of the period. The topic played an important role in the reconfiguration of musical temporality beyond its rhetorical implications, by dissolving the opposition of background and foreground, and neutralizing the potential of a developmental/narrative musical logic after the Classic-Romantic model.


Keywords: topic theory, musical icon, intertextuality, pictorialism, temporality, landscape

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Castro, P. F. de. (2023). “Wie ein Naturlaut”: La representación musical del paisaje como desafío a la teoría de los tópicos. Súmula: Revista De Teoría Y Análisis Musical, 1(2), 120–140. https://doi.org/10.59180/29525993.a9859250
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